…but which turn out to be true just like everyone said.
Kill Your Darlings
The most important part of learning how to write a story is learning how to re-write. Most of re-writing is taking stuff out. The hardest part of taking stuff out is taking out the bits which are good in and of themselves, maybe amazing, but not essential to your story.
They have to go.
Until you can “kill your darlings” (Ernest Hemingway), the context of those ‘good bits’ will tell anyone who reads them that you don’t know how to write a story. Tip: when I find a good bit I suspect doesn’t belong, I ‘temporarily’ cut and paste it into a file that stores such gems for another day. If my story can’t get by without it, it goes back in. If my story does just fine without it, I soon forget it was ever there. About one in ten such gems goes back where it came from, but three or four will wind up somewhere better.
Make Your Heroes Likable
…and make their dillemas something everyone can relate to. It’s a simple fact that nine out of ten stories require a hero that the reader would like to hang with. However, it is the curse of writers that we are often social misfits. Even when everyone likes us, we tend to feel like outsiders and we make the beginner’s mistake of creating protagonists that are alienated in their lives and angry at the world to the point of alienating the audience.
Human beings feel a universal need to belong, and it’s a need they all relate to. A hero who doesn’t care for the world from start to finish is dull because it’s hard to care about him. However, a hero who wants to belong but can’t (duty, persecution, danger, a million other things) has a nice little conflict going.
Besides, if you hate the world and want to vent your spleen in your writing, I say “Great!”. ALL passion is good. Just put it in the villain, they’re usually more interesting anyhow. Writers tend to be more fond of their villains and rogues than their heroes. The best villains get the most love from readers, too. It wasn’t agent Sterling that made the top thriller series of the last twenty years, it was Hannibal the Cannibal.
Take Out the Adverbs
Most are an admission of defeat on the part of a writer. They say “I’m so scared you won’t understand and/or believe me”. They also say “I just don’t know how to write a story yet”. In dialogue they’re okay, if they suit the patter of the person speaking. Your rough draft will have loads of the little blighters kicking around. My rough drafts always do, and apparently Stephen King has the same issue. He calls them ‘weeds’, I call them ‘wretched little vermin that need to DIE!!!!‘. The way to exterminate them is to think about the sentence and make it say the same thing but without the adverb. Take that sentence a couple of paragraphs back. It used to read:
‘Human beings feel the need to belong very strongly’
Doesn’t suck, but it’s not good. The fact that it contained an adverb suggested I could do better, and ought to try. I changed it to:
‘Human beings feel a universal need to belong’
Bingo. It says the same thing, only better. It uses less words, and no adverbs. That’s good re-writing, and that’s how to write a story.
Show Off Your Strengths
Always work at what you’re bad at, but put what you’re good at up front.
Brief is good
Very good.
Repetition, Repetition, Repetition
Repetition is not, I repeat ‘not’, a bad thing. Repeating words or phrases when you didn’t realise you were doing it is usually a bad thing. Falling in love with a word and overusing it, that’s a really bad thing. When you use it by design, repetition can build emphasis and rhythm.
Do the Twist
The bigger the twist, the more the audience must feel that it should have seen it coming. You need to foreshadow such major developments, plant the seeds of them in the minds of your audience. You don’t need to provide clues, not literally. You just need the reader or viewer to feel that this twist was, on reflection, pretty inevitable. The way to get good at this is to re-read and re-watch stories whose twists you’ve loved. Then you take notes about what little touches throughout the story prepared you for feeling that the twist was inevitable when it finally came. You’ll be amazed how little may be required, and just how far a little planning can go. Take The Crying Game.
(Spoiler warning) At the very start, Forrest Whittaker says “She’s not like other girls.” Later we learn ‘she’ is a man and we go “Aha! Now I understand what he meant.”
That Old Cliche
Cliches are tempting because they’re so suitable. But you need to get rid of them. Present your own metaphors. Metaphors are the music of prose and you don’t want your story dancing to anyone else’s tune.
Just then, instead of taking the easy cliche, I should have said ‘metaphors are the music of prose and you want an original score not a remix’.
Tip Me
That little lot is just to get you started. It can’t be all the good advice kicking around. Why not submit your own? Maybe your English teacher said something useful that really stuck with you. Let me know. Teach ME how to write a story!
Benet Simon & Mike Mindel
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On making likable characters:
This may be true of bestsellers, but you’re probably not going to write a bestseller, and pandering to everyone usually means pleasing no one.
In the age of computers, most readers ARE aspiring writers. Write the misfit characters they’ll appreciate, and you’ll have a loyal audience.
And if you’re like Chuck Palahniuk, maybe you’ll even get rich.
Personally, I found the protagonist of Fight Club to be very likable, and his alter-ego, too. The witty tone of the first person narrative makes it impossible not to like him, and this carries the reader into his life.
I agree that pandering to everyone usually means pleasing no-one, but that’s not what I’m suggesting. Writers should always tell the truth, or what’s the point?
Misfits can be likable, though. Take Dean Moriarty in On the Road. So likable that we yearn to be like him.
Just because a misfit character doesn’t gel with the people in their own lives, doesn’t mean the readers shouldn’t like them. In Catcher In The Rye, Holden Caulfield will eventually infuriate anyone if he hangs out with them for long enough, but readers can never get enough of him. Even when he’s being “a pain in the ass”, WE still love him.
I like your blog, and these tips are things I might like to come back to some day when I retreat to an uninhabited island to write that story of mine…
Thanks!
“Maybe your English teacher said something useful that really stuck with you. Let me know.”
My English teacher was a strange man, but he knew English like the back of his hand.
He once told us, “Never use the word, “got” in your writing. It’s a horrible word that has no character. There a thousand better ways to covey the same message.”
It’s a little thing, but I think he was right.
hi
and I end up giving up for 1 year or 2 until the stories torment the brain and I try to release them again
Well writing and your characters, I have stories running around my head and sometime start to tell verbally ( as I’m dyslexic ). But when I try to write them the characters get confused in my writing .. as there personalities merge and they all start to sound the same. And then as I try to battle this out the story vision slides ..
so any tips
fran
“It uses less words, …..”
Did you mean that it uses fewer words?
Flip that concept and you get, “I took a sip. Now there is fewer milk in the glass.”
Just a peeve of mine.
Thanks for the article though. And you’re way ahead of me on Lost.
I appreciated this. You have some good tips that I am going to try and incorporate into my writing.
Really helpful for a new blogger like myself who has excelled in public speaking over the years but haven’t done much writing. Will definately revisit to learn more. thanks, Rick
i am sure you had a better English teacher.
You wrote:
“Tip: when I find a good bit I suspect doesn’t belong, I ‘temporarily’ cut and paste it into a file that stores such gems for another day. If my story can’t get by without it, it goes back in. If my story does just fine without it, I soon forget it was ever there.”
I’ve done this many times and have come down on both sides. The best thing about doing this is taking the time to figure out what is relevant and then reshaping it if need be, or axing it. It forces you to actually *read* what you’ve written and understand its importance to your narrative.
“Did I write this because it sounded good and felt good to write it?” or “Did I write it because its part of the backbone of my story?”
Excellent advice. I’ll be back . . .
Brian
I just came across your blog using StumbleUpon, and I just want to thank you for sharing these things with us
Great stuff for us who dream of seeing our name in print. I liked the fact that it was easy to follow and understand. Any help gratefully appreciated.
Helpful list. To it I would add: use contrast. Contrast is one of a novelist’s secret strengths whether she opposes character types or shows contrast within a character. I liked “kill your darlings”. This is something I need to remember. Thanks.
Good work. I always use rewrite generator for my artcle or story. It help me alot.
One of my most recent writing professors used to tell me to “kill my darlings” all the time. I’d submit a story that I’d poured so much effort into…upwards of 2 or 3 thousand words. He would tell me to cut the story in half – an impossible feat for me. I actually cringed when I highlighted a sentence and hit the delete key. I realized I became so attached to my words that I couldn’t see when they detracted from my writing.
It’s still something I have trouble with – it goes along with “use fewer words.”
Thanks for the concise words of wisdom for your fellow writers.
Good points you have there.
I completely agree with what you have said up there….changing things or editing takes a lot of effort and the writer will feel reluctant to take out or remove certain aspects because there’s an emotional attachment that a lot of people don’t know exists.
well, it’s one of those things writers have to get used to, I guess.
Start by going in the wrong direction … at least you have started and it gives you plenty of scope for killing things later
I believe the only big one you’re still missing is:
“Show, don’t tell”
Exposition is a necessary evil, but whenever you can, describe things which the audience can see.
Example:
“Tom was very thin.”
Boring!
Instead:
“People would often offer Tom food, confusing him for a starving urchin.”
Using figurative language allows people to get a mental picture of what you are saying. Your images will stick in their minds better, plus they’re more fun to write!
Very interesting information. I have heard some of these before, and I highly agree. I look forward to see what else you will write.
I’m not a big, cute fan of silly adjectives either.
Nice article.. good work here keep it up
Nice I like the part about repeating is not bad if it drives a point home.
The use of contrast is one of the first tips writers usually get. And it’s true, adding contrast to the story helps alot. But what I’ve discovered is that the term “add more contrast” is somewhat misguiding.
It isn’t just about cranking upp all the story elements (If you do that, clichés start to appear). Instead you must focus on the smaller elements, and contrasting them. For a story I’m writing I have two characters, who sort of mirror each other. The contrast in the story is in the subtle elements that lie behind the “mirror-facade”, shattering theire relationship. I’m not sure if my point here gets through, or if it’s obvious from the beginning. The important thing is that “adding contrast” does not necessarily mean making the story black and white.
This is all very good advice. Thank you.
By the way, I’m almost certain “Murder your darlings” came from Arthur Quiller-Couch in his book, “On the Art of Writing.” I’ve never heard it attributed to Hemmingway, but it’s often misrepresented to have come from William Faulkner, or Stephen King. I think they both quoted Couch in their own writings.
The advice about cutting out your adverbs is quite right. It goes along with the “show – don’t tell” advice that all good English teachers give their fledglings.
Thank you for a very informative article.
i like the idea of keeping a spare document for everything i suspect might be waffle
Kill your darlings is the hardest part for me…
Hi, I want to thank you for these great tips. I’m an aspiring writer and I have a lot of problems with writing, such as taking stuff out that aren’t necessary but good, in the “Kill Your Darlings” part, and with my adverbs. My favorite part of speech are actually adjectives and adverbs and I use them a lot in writing. Your tips really struck me. Thanks a lot!
thanks a lot about the infos..
during summer i planned of writing a story ut i didn’t know how to begin.and now i have a lot of ideas on how to begin my first..
thanks♪♫♥
Glad to see the suggestion to learn to write short stories–I have wondered if I would be better to start there.
Have you read Carol Shields short stories?I am facinated by them.
Thanks.
All good stuff, thanks.
To it I add, write “said” when characters speak. Not all the time. Occasionally they ask, or shout. But avoid flamboyant variety. It gets in the way.